Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in apple, orange, and watermelon retailed along roadside in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

The escalating concern of heavy metal contamination in fruits underscores the need to evaluate associated health risks linked to their consumption. This study undertook assessment of heavy metal levels in commonly consumed fruits (orange, watermelon, and apple) retailed by roadside vendors in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government Area, Osun State. Data collection encompassed a meticulously designed questionnaire while 27 fruit samples (nine fruit each) were randomly procured from diverse market for laboratory analysis. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation, were computed for each heavy metal. The study discerned that majority of vendors predominantly procured their fruits from local farms, implemented the use of fertilizers or pesticides, employed baskets for storage and transportation, and generally held positive perspectives regarding the safety of fruits dispensed by roadside vendors. The results of heavy metal concentration averages in the sampled fruits fell within the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe levels in food. However, noteworthy concentrations of certain heavy metals, particularly As and Cr, were identified, signaling potential health risks for consumers. These findings underscore the ongoing necessity for rigorous monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in food, coupled with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines and safety standards to safeguard public health.