In vitro antibacterial potentials of the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf extracts and synthetic antibiotics against some bacteria isolates of Clarias gariepinus.

Abstract

This study investigated the antibacterial potentials of a sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf extracts against bacterial isolates of Clarias gariepinus. Samples of infected C. gariepinus were collected and analysed microbiologically using standard methods. Isolated bacteria were subjected to sensitivity test with the leaves extracts from tested plants and ten synthetic antibiotics (Ciprofloxacine, chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin, Augmentin, Centamycin, Perfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Streptomycin, Amoxacillin, and Septrin). Eight tested bacteria namely: Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. and Staphyllococcus aureus were identified. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of M. charantia possessed the highest effect against B. megaterium (Inhibition diameter, ID=20 mm), Enterobacter spp. (ID=25 mm), B. subtilis, A. hydrophilia (ID=23 mm) and Citrobacter spp. (ID=19 mm). However, ciprofloxacine showed antibacterial effect against Enterobacter spp. (ID=13.35 mm), S. aureus (ID=14.5 mm) and Klebsiella spp. (ID=15.1 mm). Phytochemical screening of tested plants revealed a higher quantity of some compounds of antimicrobial potentials in M. charantia than M. pudica such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponin and terpenoids. Conclusively, this study confirmed that antibacterial potential of bitter melon ethanolic leaves extract and that it can be used as a control of some bacterial pathogens of C. gariepinus.